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The discrete perception of continuous speech
Spencer Caplan & Karthik Durvasula (under review). pre-print. [pdf | code] -
Word learning as category formation
Spencer Caplan (2025). PLOS One. [pdf | code] -
Now You Hear Me, Later You Don’t: The Immediacy of Linguistic Computation and the Representation of Speech
Spencer Caplan, Alon Hafri, & John C. Trueswell (2021). Psychological Science. [pdf | osf] -
The Immediacy of Linguistic Computation
Spencer Caplan (2021). Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. [pdf]
What we do
The Psycholinguistics *Lab studies language and the mind. Directed by Professor Spencer Caplan at the CUNY Graduate Center, we combine approaches from linguistics, psychology, and computer science to work towards the long-term goal of understanding the algorithms and mental representations which form the basis of our knowledge of Language. We study both what is represented in the mind (from perceptual categories to abstract concepts) and how discrete internal states interface with continuous, graded behavior in the world.
Much of this work would most naturally be labeled language acquisition, language processing, or computational linguistics, though the specific questions we study vary widely (see more details regarding past and ongoing Projects below). The methods used to study these topics are in turn diverse and span computational modeling, laboratory experiments, quantitative analysis of corpus data, and pure theory building.
Above all, we emphasize a commitment to discrete representations, causal mechanisms, and simple explanations in the study of language, learning, and cognitive processing. Many lines of inquiry involve the study of intermediate mental structures recruited during real-time processing and learning rather than direct Input/Output mappings.
Research Areas
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The discrete perception of continuous speech
Spencer Caplan & Karthik Durvasula (under review). pre-print. [pdf | code] -
Now You Hear Me, Later You Don’t: The Immediacy of Linguistic Computation and the Representation of Speech
Spencer Caplan, Alon Hafri, & John C. Trueswell (2021). Psychological Science. [pdf | osf] -
Abstractions are good for brains and machines: A commentary on Ambridge (2020)
Kathryn Schuler, Jordan Kodner, & Spencer Caplan (2020). First Language. [pdf]
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The Uncommon Sense Effect: experimental evidence for underspecification as the mental basis of logical inference
Elliot Schwartz, Griffin Pion, Jake Quilty-Dunn, Eric Mandelbaum, & Spencer Caplan (under review). pre-print. [pdf | code] -
Polysemy and Inference: Reasoning with Underspecified Representations
Elliot Schwartz, Griffin Pion, Jake Quilty-Dunn, Eric Mandelbaum, & Spencer Caplan (2025). Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2025). [pdf]
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The Uncommon Sense Effect: experimental evidence for underspecification as the mental basis of logical inference
Elliot Schwartz, Griffin Pion, Jake Quilty-Dunn, Eric Mandelbaum, & Spencer Caplan (under review). pre-print. [pdf | code] -
A Simple Threshold Captures the Social Learning of Conventions
Douglas Guilbeault, Spencer Caplan, & Charles Yang (2026). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). [pdf | code] -
Word learning as category formation
Spencer Caplan (2025). PLOS One. [pdf | code] -
Miller’s monkey updated: Communicative efficiency and the statistics of words in natural language
Spencer Caplan, Jordan Kodner, & Charles Yang (2020). Cognition. [pdf | code | demo]
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A Simple Threshold Captures the Social Learning of Conventions
Douglas Guilbeault, Spencer Caplan, & Charles Yang (2026). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). [pdf | code] -
Another model not for the learning of language
Jordan Kodner, Spencer Caplan, & Charles Yang (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). [pdf] -
Miller’s monkey updated: Communicative efficiency and the statistics of words in natural language
Spencer Caplan, Jordan Kodner, & Charles Yang (2020). Cognition. [pdf | code | demo]
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Excavating grammatical fossils: Effects and causes in the semantic organization of Swahili noun classes
Matt Malone, Jordan Kodner, & Spencer Caplan (under review). pre-print. [pdf] -
What usage can tell us about grammar: Embedded Verb Second in Scandinavian
Spencer Caplan & Kajsa Djärv (2019). Glossa: a journal of general linguistics. [pdf | code] -
The Acquisition of Vowel Harmony from Simple Local Statistics
Spencer Caplan & Jordan Kodner (2018). Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2018). [pdf | code]
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Word learning as category formation
Spencer Caplan (2025). PLOS One. [pdf | code] -
Using an Egocentric Human Simulation Paradigm to quantify referential and semantic ambiguity in early word learning
Spencer Caplan, Misty Peng, Yayun Zhang, & Chen Yu (2023). Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2023). [pdf] -
Local Processes of Homophone Acquisition
Deniz Beser & Spencer Caplan (2019). Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics (SCiL). [pdf]
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Excavating grammatical fossils: Effects and causes in the semantic organization of Swahili noun classes
Matt Malone, Jordan Kodner, & Spencer Caplan (under review). pre-print. [pdf] -
What usage can tell us about grammar: Embedded Verb Second in Scandinavian
Spencer Caplan & Kajsa Djärv (2019). Glossa: a journal of general linguistics. [pdf | code]
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The discrete perception of continuous speech
Spencer Caplan & Karthik Durvasula (under review). pre-print. [pdf | code] -
Now You Hear Me, Later You Don’t: The Immediacy of Linguistic Computation and the Representation of Speech
Spencer Caplan, Alon Hafri, & John C. Trueswell (2021). Psychological Science. [pdf | osf] -
The Acquisition of Vowel Harmony from Simple Local Statistics
Spencer Caplan & Jordan Kodner (2018). Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2018). [pdf | code] -
Case Studies in the Automatic Characterization of Grammars from Small Wordlists
Jordan Kodner, Spencer Caplan, Hongzhi Xu, Mitchell P. Marcus, & Charles Yang (2017). 2nd Workshop on Computational Methods for Endangered Languages (ComputEL-2). [pdf]
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Excavating grammatical fossils: Effects and causes in the semantic organization of Swahili noun classes
Matt Malone, Jordan Kodner, & Spencer Caplan (under review). pre-print. [pdf] -
Embedded Tense and the Problem of Acquisition
Sam Alxatib & Spencer Caplan (2026). Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society (NELS 56). [pdf] -
Another model not for the learning of language
Jordan Kodner, Spencer Caplan, & Charles Yang (2022). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). [pdf] -
What usage can tell us about grammar: Embedded Verb Second in Scandinavian
Spencer Caplan & Kajsa Djärv (2019). Glossa: a journal of general linguistics. [pdf | code] -
Leveraging Lexical Substitution for Parser Adaptation
Spencer Caplan, Neal Fox, David McClosky, & Eugene Charniak (2015). Undergraduate Thesis, Brown University. [pdf]
People
Faculty
Graduate Students
Friends and Collaborators
Alumni
Lab History
Psycholinguistics at The CUNY Graduate Center has a long and illustrious history. From the 1980s up to her retirement in 2020, the Psycholinguistics Lab was organized by Janet Fodor along with Dianne Bradley. Their intellectual and social leadership in the area of Sentence Processing is something to be admired, and it is thanks to them that for over thirty years the Annual Meeting of the Society for Human Sentence Processing was officially known as the “CUNY Conference” on Human Sentence Processing.
The lab is now directed by Spencer Caplan. Please feel free to explore and please reach out if you’d like more information about past, present, and future lab activities and the psycholinguistics and cognitive science community at the Graduate Center. The lab is housed in the Linguistics Program, but many of our members and friends come from across the GC (including Philosophy, Cognitive Science, and other programs), as well as NYC and beyond. We are the CUNY branch of the StarLab.